Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- United States.
Engineering -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- United States.
Doctor of philosophy degree -- United States.
Abstract:
Recent speculation about the "overproduction" of PhD's has overlooked the
long-term stagnation in doctorates relative to bachelors' degrees and in
doctorates granted to American citizens. PhD programs have failed to
develop the flexibility needed for articulation with nonacademic careers
due to departmental sovereignty, a queuing pattern of demand, the quality
imperative, and institutional sponsorship. The PhD today represents too
much training for many potential students, yet it is too little training
for its traditional markets. Hence, a more segmented structure for
graduate education ought to be explored.
Recent research raises questions about isomorphism, homogeneity, and
rationalism in university retrenchment. This study presents a descriptive
account of retrenchment at one university using institutional theory in
the analysis. The findings show that institutionalism as a model explains
preferences and behaviors of both administrators and faculty engaged in
retrenchment.
Universities and colleges -- Canada -- Administration.
Universities and colleges -- Canada -- Statistics.
Abstract:
Using a national survey of Canadian university governing boards and board
members conducted in 1994-1995, this paper focuses on the
characteristics and work of board members, compares its findings with
American studies of governing boards, and discusses the roles of boards
and board members.
McDonough, Patricia M., 1952-.
Korn, Jessica S.
Yamasaki, Erika.
Universities and colleges -- United States -- Admission.
Abstract:
This paper uses descriptive and multivariate regression analyses to
profile the professionals who are private college counselors, profile the
students who use these counselors, and assess the impact of using private
counseling services on the students' application practices. The primary
contribution of this research has been to illuminate the existence, role,
and impact of private college counselors, with an emphasis on how they are
changing the field of college admissions and privatizing college
counseling.
English language -- Study and teaching -- United States.
Education, Higher -- United States.
Abstract:
Freshman writing programs, though universally required, are expensive, are
difficult to staff, often fail to produce hoped-for improvements, and
often operate in a theoretical vacuum filled by pedagogical lore and
unexamined assumptions. To help university policy-makers and curriculum
planners make informed decisions about writing programs, this essay
sketches the origins of freshman writing and analyzes current theories of
rhetoric and points of consensus in the scholarship.
In many fields, postmodern forms of thought have recently emerged, posing
fundamental challenges to modern assumptions concerning knowledge. This
article explores the implications of four post-modern philosophical
positions on knowledge to show how they reject absolute foundations
and seek to expand the possibilities for scholarly practice. It further
argues that an absolute foundation pervades higher education and that
it unjustifiably constrains the capacity of intellect. This absolute
foundation is the notion that legitimate intellectual activity is the
disciplinary pursuit of knowledge of entities that exist before and
independent of inquiry. A postmodern conception of higher education
that would expand the playing field for inquiry is advanced based on
the flexible concept of intellectually compelling ideas.
Change in the political structure of state legislatures may influence
their members to propose and pass more regulatory bills that restrict
public university autonomy. This article reviews the political science
literature on changing state politics, followed by a statistical analysis
of the 50 states and a case study of Pennsylvania. The latter suggests
a possible causal relationship between the changing political structure
and continued limitation of public university autonomy.
Hispanic American college students -- Social conditions.
Student adjustment.
Abstract:
Academic and social integration into college is key to persistence in
models of student attrition. This study operationally defined academic
and social integration to fit a Hispanic 2-year college population and
examined psychometric properties of the measures through confirmatory
factor analyses. Findings confirmed the importance of appropriate and
culturally sensitive operational definitions of academic and social
integration when including these constructs in persistence studies of
Hispanic students at 2-year institutions.
Gautam, Kanak.
Whetten, David A. (David Allred), 1946-.
Cameron, Kim S.
What should be the appropriate measure of decline in institutions of
higher education? Though different scholars emphasize either objective or
perceptual indicators, we contend that studying the differences between
objective and perceptual idicators of decline is itself a useful mechanism
for theory-building. The authors examine 82 universities where objective
and perceptual measures of decline contradict each other. Their results
indicate that institutions suffering from "objective decline" without
"perceptual decline" are characterized by processes of "decline as
crisis." In contrast, institutions with "perceived decline" only are
characterized by processes of "decline as stagnation." Results indicate
the need to recognize that objective and perceptual indicators may
often address different aspects of decline and that institutions of
higher education using any single type of measure may have a limited
perspective on the decline phenomenon.
Review title: Transforming educational practice : addressing
underlying
epistemological assumptions.
Abstract:
This paper reviews and critiques Baxter Magolda's (1992) book,
Knowing and Reasoning in College: Gender-Related Patterns in Students'
Intellectual Development. Baxter Magolda discusses different ways of
knowing and their implications for educational practice. She contributes
to our understanding of students' intellectual development by considering
both curricular and cocurricular ways of knowing. The author, informed
by her current case study research, contends that Baxter Magolda's use of
yearly interviews distorts the context-dependent nature of students' ways
of knowing by describing students as being types of knowers versus having
ways of knowing. The interactive, intersubjective, and interdependent
nature of ways of knowing suggests that both students' and teachers'
epistemologies must be considered in reshaping pedagogy and, hence, in
transforming learning.
Review title: Role of curricular debate in the university.
Abstract:
This paper examines two considerations of curricular debate's place
in the university. The author compares Gerald Graff's argument for
"teaching the conflicts" with David Bromwich's claim that education is
"an adventure in its most precise sense" and finds that the two scholars'
basic diferences originate from (a) contrasting conceptions of students
and the teaching and learning process, and (b) clashing perceptions of
the forces shaping the struggle over curriculum.
Education, Higher -- Social aspects -- United States.
Reviewer: Nemec, Mark R.
Review title: Role of curricular debate in the university.
Abstract:
This paper examines two considerations of curricular debate's place
in the university. The author compares Gerald Graff's argument for
"teaching the conflicts" with David Bromwich's claim that education is
"an adventure in its most precise sense" and finds that the two scholars'
basic diferences originate from (a) contrasting conceptions of students
and the teaching and learning process, and (b) clashing perceptions of
the forces shaping the struggle over curriculum.
Despite a decade of critiques that research on higher education is largely
unrelated to urgent policy issues, little seems to have changed. This
article (from the 1995 ASHE Presidential Address) argues that higher
education researchers have lost sight of their field's origins as an
applied field of study. Five suggestions are offered for narrowing the
gulf between research, policy, and practice.
This study examines faculty support for different types of policies
designed to regulate speech on campus. The authors examine data from a
recent national survey of college faculty for individual and institutional
correlates of support. The results show complex patterns. For example,
more than half of the faculty support the prohibition of racist and
sexist speech, while only about one-quarter support policies designed
to ban extreme speakers from campus.
Fund raising has played a prominent role in the history of American
higher education and long been a central function of the academic
presidency. Today fund raising provides support for more areas of higher
education than ever before, and academic chief executives are increasingly
expected or required to take an active role in procuring and stewarding
private gifts for their institutions. This research was the first study of
this phenomenon that is both national in scope and theory generating. The
authors identified the key variables or prerequisites which determine
fund-raising outcomes and formulated theoretical models which explain,
respectively, the fund-raising process and presidential fund raising in
higher education.
Springer, Leonard.
Palmer, Betsy.
Terenzini, Patrick T.
Pascarella, Ernest T.
Nora, Amaury.
A three-year study of 1,061 White undergraduates at 17 U.S. colleges
and universities indicated that women and students in relatively liberal
majors started college with more favorable attitudes toward diversity on
campus than men and students in relatively conservative majors. Although
students in conservative majors were less likely to participate in a
racial or cultural awareness workshop, they, as well as all other groups
of students surveyed, developed more favorable attitudes by participating.
Hall, G. Stanley (Granville Stanley), 1844-1924 -- Contributions in
education.
Education, Higher -- Study and teaching.
Abstract:
The centenary of higher education as a field of study occurred in 1993,
commemorating the first course in higher education, offered in the autumn
of 1893 at Clark University by G. Stanley Hall. This course also launched
the first higher education program, for by 1924, three professors had
offered 16 courses, written numerous publications, and advised the
first 10 master's and doctoral students. This article reviews Hall's
professional life, his concept of higher pedagogy, his rationale for
its study, and the program's three developmental phases.
Education, Higher -- United States -- Administration -- Case studies.
Reviewer: Leslie, David W.
Review title: "Strategic governance:" the wrong questions?
Abstract:
This review essay discusses the conclusions of Strategic Governance
about strategizing, planning, and governing in higher education. The
study of joint big decision committees reported in this book is carefully
and thoroughly reported, but its conclusion that strategy and legitimate
governance are in tension with one another may result from too narrow a
conceptual starting point. The review essay concludes that a wider range
of adaptions than formal strategic planning may serve higher education
well in a time of great external challenges.
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